4.7Editor score
In this guide
A replacement power supply for Yamaha keyboard should match the instrument’s voltage, current requirement, connector size, and polarity. Even a cable that appears physically similar can be electrically incompatible, so model verification matters more than choosing based on shape or series name alone.
This guide compares ten replacement adapters using the specifications and compatibility information supplied for each product. It covers 12-volt and 16-volt options, 1.5A and 2A outputs, several cable lengths, supported Yamaha families, and the protection features claimed by their manufacturers.
Each review explains the best use case for its adapter, along with important limitations. The top selections provide convenient entry points for different needs, while current prices and availability can change, so readers should verify current listings and instrument requirements before ordering.
Top 3 Picks for Best Replacement Power Supply for Yamaha Keyboard
5.0Editor score
4.7Editor score
Top 10 Best Replacement Power Supply for Yamaha Keyboard in 2026 Compared
The table below compares all ten adapters by output rating, cable length, connector information, and supported device families. Nine options use a 12-volt output, while one is designed for compatible 16-volt Yamaha instruments; exact model requirements should always be confirmed.
1. 12V Yamaha Keyboard Power Cord – Broad 12V Compatibility
This 12V Yamaha power cord earns a 4.6 rating and offers one of the broadest compatibility lists in the guide. Its stated support spans PSR, YPG, YPT, DGX, DD, EZ, P-series, and portable keyboard models, making it a practical candidate for owners checking replacement by exact model number.
Pros
- Broad explicit model list
- Copper-core conductor
- Works across many series
- Explicit 16V exclusions
Cons
- Cable length not stated
- Maximum current not stated
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
The construction details set it apart from a generic cable. It uses a copper-core conductor and an environmentally friendly PVC shell designed to resist wear, temperature changes, and deformation. The seller also states that the cable was tested and validated for use as a direct replacement.
The main drawback is incomplete core electrical information. The supplied listing identifies it as a 12V option and explicitly excludes 16V 2.4A instruments, but it does not clearly state its maximum current rating or cable length. Buyers should therefore compare those details with the original adapter.
This cord is best for someone whose Yamaha instrument appears on the published compatibility list and who wants broad replacement coverage without paying for a specialized battery charger. Verify voltage, current, connector fit, and polarity before purchasing.
Broad Compatibility Reduces Guesswork
The extensive model list is useful because it includes less common references such as YPT, NP, KB, KBP, YDP, DGX, and DD models. Check the exact instrument designation, including suffixes such as B or C, before ordering.
Material-Focused Construction
A copper-core conductor and flexible PVC jacket are sensible qualities for a permanently installed or frequently repositioned keyboard lead. The listing also claims stable signal transmission and resistance to aging and deformation.
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
2. Universal 9.84 Ft Adapter – Flexible 12V Daily Replacement
This universal adapter has a 4.7 rating and stands out for its generous 9.84-foot total length. It supplies 12V DC at up to 1.5A and accepts 100–240V AC input, making it convenient for homes, rehearsal rooms, stages, and studios where the keyboard sits away from a wall outlet.
Pros
- Long 9.84-foot lead
- Universal mains input
- Extensive model list
- Multiple adapter references
Cons
- Limited to 1.5A output
- Does not cover 16V models
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
Its compatibility coverage is notably extensive. The description includes current and older portable keyboards, several DGX models, and references to PA-3, PA-5, PA-6, PA-130, PA-150, and related original adapters. Seller support is also available through the order contact option.
The important constraint is its 1.5A ceiling. Instruments requiring more current should use an appropriately rated 12V 2A option instead. Its connector and polarity should also be verified against the original Yamaha adapter because the supplied text focuses more heavily on model coverage than on connector dimensions.
This is a strong choice for a compatible 12V keyboard that benefits from a long cord. It offers one of the strongest ratings and broadest lists in the roundup, while remaining easy to recommend to owners of supported 1.5A-or-lower models.
Cable Length Adds Placement Flexibility
The extended lead makes it easier to position a keyboard against a wall, on a stand, or around a performance area. Its length is especially useful when moving the adapter while leaving the instrument’s power jack connected.
Useful Legacy Model Support
The list covers several older PSR and DGX models in addition to modern portable keyboards. That range is valuable for schools, studios, and households maintaining instruments bought across several generations.
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
3. 10FT Long Power Supply Adapter – Extended-Reach 2A Option
This 10-foot adapter earns a 4.6 rating and combines a 12V 2A output with one of the longest cables in the roundup. That combination suits compatible keyboards that need more current headroom than a 1.5A supply while keeping the power brick close to the instrument.
Pros
- Longest listed cable
- 2A output capacity
- Multiple protection systems
- Broad family compatibility
Cons
- Not suitable for higher requirements
- Connector size not specified
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
The adapter accepts 100–240V AC input at 50/60Hz and is described as compatible with PSR, YPG, YPT, DGX, DD, EZ, PSS, YDP, and P-series families. Its claimed intelligent protection system covers over-current, over-voltage, short-circuiting, and stability concerns.
Compatibility still requires careful confirmation. The seller explicitly warns that the supply will not work when the keyboard requires more than 12V or more than 2A, and the supplied information does not identify the barrel connector dimensions or polarity. Those details should be checked independently.
Choose this option for a compatible 12V 2A instrument where reach from the outlet is the priority. It is a sensible long-lead replacement, but buyers should not use its broad series wording as a substitute for checking the exact keyboard specification.
Useful for Distant Wall Outlets
The ten-foot lead gives users more freedom around rehearsal rooms and home setups. It can also reduce the need to place a compact power brick awkwardly behind a keyboard stand.
Protection-Centered Construction
Over-current, over-voltage, and short-circuit protection are meaningful safety features in an everyday power accessory. The seller also reports aging testing and copper-core wiring for the stated design.
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
4. 12V 2A Yamaha Power Supply – Clear Connector Specifications
This 4.6-rated adapter is one of the clearest choices for buyers who care about the physical connection. It states a 5.5 x 2.5mm DC connector, notes compatibility with 5.5 x 2.1mm jacks, and identifies center-positive polarity with the outer contact negative.
Pros
- Detailed connector dimensions
- Clear center-positive polarity
- Blue operating indicator
- Compact 24W output
Cons
- Power-only use
- Cannot charge internal batteries
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
The electrical specification is 12V at 2A, equivalent to 24W, from a 100–240V, 50/60Hz input. Its six-foot cord offers moderate placement flexibility, while the compact housing and blue status indicator make it practical for portable setups.
A very important limitation is that this is a power supply, not a battery charger. The seller says it cannot charge batteries or rechargeable devices. It also cannot serve instruments requiring more than 12V or more than 2A, despite its compatibility with other 12V appliances.
This adapter is ideal when connector size and polarity matter and the keyboard uses the stated 12V 2A arrangement. Confirm those details from the original adapter and verify that the barrel plug fits without forcing it into the keyboard.
Connection Details Reduce Purchase Risk
Published connector measurements and polarity are more useful than a generic universal claim. They give buyers concrete details to compare with the original supply or keyboard manual.
Compact and Easy to Monitor
The small adapter body is convenient to store or carry, and the blue indicator provides a quick visual indication that the unit is receiving power. The six-foot lead is long enough for many common setups.
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
5. FouceClaus 12V Power Supply – Certified 1.5A Alternative
The FouceClaus 12V supply has a 4.7 rating and distinguishes itself through a stated UL Listing. It accepts 100–240V AC input, provides 12V DC at 1.5A, and uses a 5.5 x 2.1mm barrel connector with inside-positive polarity.
Pros
- UL Listed certification stated
- Specific connector and polarity
- Extensive compatibility lists
- Built-in electrical protections
Cons
- Only 1.5A maximum output
- Not suitable for 16V instruments
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
Its compatibility coverage includes many PSR, YPG, YPT, EZ, DD, DGX, and older PSR models. The package contains one replacement adapter intended to substitute for Yamaha PA130, PA-130B, and PA150 power adapters, making the original-adapter references especially useful.
The unit also includes claimed over-voltage, overload, and short-circuit protection. As with the other 12V options, however, its 1.5A output may be below the requirement of some modern keyboards. The 8.4-foot cord offers more reach than a compact six-foot design.
This is a strong alternative for owners seeking a specified safety certification, a clearly stated connector and polarity, and support for a 1.5A-compatible Yamaha model. Confirm both the original adapter requirements and the complete model list before buying.
Certification Adds Buying Confidence
A stated UL Listing provides a more concrete safety reference than a generic assertion of quality. Buyers can still inspect the current certification listing and packaging for additional verification.
Well-Defined Electrical Connection
The 5.5 x 2.1mm connector and inside-positive polarity are clearly stated. These specifications make it easier to determine whether the adapter is electrically and physically appropriate before ordering.
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
6. 10 ft Power Cord – Simple Extended-Length 12V Supply
This power cord receives a 4.5 rating and offers a straightforward 12V 2A specification with a ten-foot lead. Its listed compatibility covers PSR, YPG, YPT, DGX, DD, EZ, PSS, YDP, and P digital pianos and portable keyboards.
Pros
- Simple 12V 2A specification
- Generous ten-foot cord
- Blue power indicator
- Broad digital piano coverage
Cons
- Connector details not provided
- Protection details not provided
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
The input range is 100–240V at 50/60Hz, allowing use across varied domestic mains systems. A blue indicator illuminates when powered, giving users a quick way to see whether the adapter is energized without handling the keyboard.
Its basic specification sheet leaves some questions unanswered. Connector dimensions and polarity are not included, and the supplied description does not mention over-voltage, over-current, or short-circuit protection. Those omissions make original-adapter comparison especially important.
This cord is most appropriate for a compatible 12V 2A instrument that needs a long connection to a wall outlet. If precise connector fit or a detailed certification is your priority, one of the alternatives with fuller electrical information may be a safer selection.
Extended Reach in a Straightforward Design
The ten-foot length is one of the main attractions. It can make wall-mounted power more practical and provide extra slack when the keyboard stand sits away from the nearest outlet.
Easy Power Status Check
The blue indicator is a small convenience that helps distinguish a connected adapter from an unplugged one. It is especially helpful in rehearsal spaces with crowded outlets and cables.
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
7. 12V 2A AC Power Supply – Balanced Compatibility and Clarity
This adapter holds the highest supplied rating at 5.0, and its strongest feature is transparent compatibility guidance. It offers a 12V maximum 2A output from a 100–240V, 50/60Hz input and includes a six-foot cable.
Pros
- Highest supplied rating
- Clear 16V exclusion list
- Broad compatible model coverage
- 2A output capacity
Cons
- Six-foot lead is moderate
- Connector size not stated
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
The supported list covers many popular PSR, YPG, YPT, EZ, DD, P, DGX, NP, KB, KBP, and YDP models. More importantly, the listing clearly identifies 16V 2.4A instruments as unsuitable and names representative models such as PSR-500, PSR-S550, PSR-S650, PSR-S950, PSR-1000, and PA-300.
That warning is valuable because some buyers might otherwise assume that a Yamaha model number automatically implies 12V compatibility. The missing detail is connector size and polarity, so those should be compared with the original adapter before installation.
This is the most balanced recommendation for a compatible 12V 2A keyboard. Its high rating, current capacity, broad model coverage, and explicit exclusions reduce confusion while still leaving buyers responsible for checking the physical connection.
Exceptional Compatibility Transparency
The explicit unsupported-model list is as important as the supported list. It helps distinguish 12V replacements from the separate category of higher-voltage professional keyboards covered by the 16V option.
Balanced Cable and Output Combination
A six-foot lead is sufficient for many placements, and 2A output gives the adapter more capacity than 1.5A alternatives. It remains compact enough for portable use without relying on an unusually long cable.
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
8. Universal 12V 2A AC Charger – Protection-Focused Universal Design
This universal 12V 2A adapter has a 4.4 rating, the lowest among the listed products, but its specifications and safety features are unusually detailed. It provides a 12V 2A output and uses a stated 5.5 x 2.5mm connector compatible with 5.5 x 2.1mm jacks.
Pros
- Extensive electrical protections
- Specified connector dimensions
- Reinforced copper-core wiring
- Twelve-month warranty stated
Cons
- Lowest supplied rating
- Center-positive polarity required
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
The protection system is the primary selling point. The listing claims over-voltage, over-current, overload, short-circuit, and over-temperature protection, along with FCC and CE certification. It also describes high-quality copper wiring, a reinforced connector, and a design tested to withstand more than 10,000 bends.
Its 6.5-foot cord is a moderate middle ground, while the center-positive arrangement means polarity must match the keyboard. The listing also states a 12-month warranty and 24/7 customer support, adding service considerations beyond the basic electrical specifications.
This adapter is worth considering for users who prioritize documented protection and connector details. The lower supplied rating should prompt buyers to review current customer feedback, but the core specification is suitable for compatible 12V 2A instruments.
Layered Electrical Protection
Five stated protection categories make this adapter appealing for regular use. They are intended to guard against common electrical faults, although users should still use a sound outlet and undamaged cables.
Reinforced Connector Design
The claimed bend resistance and reinforced connector address a frequent weak point in portable power accessories. Copper-core wiring and the center-positive specification add useful detail for careful compatibility checks.
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
9. 12V 2A Yamaha Power Supply – Comprehensive Model Compatibility
This 12V 2A Yamaha power supply earns a 4.6 rating and focuses heavily on model and original-adapter compatibility. Its description includes PA-3, PA-5, PA-6, PA-130, PA-150, EP-A3, KP-A3, and several related adapter references.
Pros
- Extensive supported model list
- References many original adapters
- 2A output capacity
- Explicit higher-voltage exclusions
Cons
- Connector size not specified
- No protection details listed
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
That information helps buyers identify a likely replacement by comparing the label on an old Yamaha adapter. The electrical specification is 12V DC with a maximum of 2A, accepting 100–240V AC at 50/60Hz. The included six-foot cord provides ordinary placement flexibility.
The listing does not state connector dimensions, polarity, or specific protection systems. It does clearly warn that instruments requiring more than 12V or more than 2A will not work and identifies common 16V 2.4A models that are excluded.
This is a useful option for owners who know both the keyboard model and the original adapter family. Verify the connector physically and electrically before purchase, but the broad reference list makes it a credible candidate for many common 12V Yamaha instruments.
Original-Adapter Cross-References
Listing multiple original adapter references is valuable when the keyboard model is printed inside a compartment or on an old brick that is no longer present. It gives buyers multiple ways to match the replacement.
Capacity With Clear Limits
The 2A maximum output supports the product’s stated keyboard range while remaining clearly separated from higher-voltage models. Any device rated above those limits should use an appropriately specified supply instead.
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
10. 16V Yamaha Keyboard Power Adapter – Professional Higher-Voltage Option
This 4.7-rated adapter is the guide’s higher-voltage specialist. It delivers 16V DC up to 2.5A, producing a stated 40W maximum, and is intended for compatible PA-300, PSR-S, PSR-A, PSR-OR, MOTIF-RACK, and professional workstation models.
Pros
- Designed for 16V instruments
- Extensive professional compatibility
- Multiple certified protections
- Global 100–240V input
Cons
- Not compatible with 12V versions
- Requires exact model verification
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
Its input is 100–240V AC at 50/60Hz, and the round output jack is supplied on a six-foot cable. The listing states CE, FCC, and RoHS certification and describes flame-retardant V-0 material, along with over-voltage, over-current, short-circuit, over-temperature, and overload protection.
This is not a universal upgrade for Yamaha keyboards. The seller explicitly states that the output is 16V and not for 12V versions. Installing it with a 12V instrument could damage the keyboard, so the original label, manual, or manufacturer specifications must confirm the voltage first.
Choose this adapter only when the instrument explicitly requires a compatible 16V setup. For users of a PSR-S or professional workstation in the published list, it provides the most relevant electrical output and one of the more comprehensive safety descriptions in the roundup.
Correct Choice for Higher-Voltage Instruments
Many modern arranger workstations and professional modules use a 16V supply rather than the 12V format used by many portable keyboards. This adapter gives those users a purpose-built replacement instead of forcing them to compromise.
Professional Protection and Certification
The stated certification, flame-retardant material, anti-interference magnetic ring, and multiple fault protections support use in demanding home, studio, and stage environments. Exact certification records can be checked through the seller or listing.
We may earn a commission when you buy through this link, at no additional cost to you.
Buying Guide – How to Choose the Best Replacement Power Supply for Yamaha Keyboard
Choosing a safe replacement requires matching electrical specifications, physical connections, and exact model requirements. A Yamaha-branded keyboard may use different power systems even within the same broad series, so the original adapter label is the most useful starting point.
Confirm The Required Voltage
Read the output voltage printed on the original adapter or the keyboard’s power inlet. Most portable keyboards and digital pianos in this roundup use 12V DC, while several professional PSR, PA, and workstation models use 16V. The two groups are not interchangeable, and a higher-voltage adapter can damage a 12V device.
Choose the voltage exactly as specified for your instrument. If the original adapter is missing, consult the keyboard manual or Yamaha’s model information rather than inferring requirements from the family name.
Match The Current Requirement
Current indicates how much power an adapter can supply. A 1.5A option may be adequate for a compatible keyboard, while 2A and 2.5A alternatives provide greater headroom. Never assume that a higher current rating is automatically required; it should at least meet the keyboard’s stated requirement.
Look for the device’s input current and choose an adapter with an equal or higher maximum. Also confirm the output format is DC, since an AC adapter with superficially similar connectors is not suitable.
Verify Connector Size And Polarity
The DC barrel connector must fit both the diameter and inner opening of the keyboard’s power socket. Common sizes mentioned in this guide are 5.5 x 2.1mm and 5.5 x 2.5mm, with the latter stated as compatible with the former in some listings.
Check polarity as well. Several products use center-positive wiring, meaning the center contact is positive and the outer contact is negative. Polarity must match the instrument, and the plug should enter without force.
Search By Exact Model Number
Compatibility lists can be long, but suffixes often distinguish different power requirements within a product family. Search the complete model designation and relevant suffix, then compare it with the seller’s supported list. If the model is absent, treat that as a reason to verify before ordering.
Pay particular attention to explicit exclusions. Several 12V options warn against 16V 2.4A models, while the 16V adapter clearly excludes 12V instruments. Treat those warnings as boundaries rather than suggestions.
Compare Original Adapter References
The label on an original Yamaha adapter often includes a reference such as PA-130, PA-150, PA-3, or PA-300. Matching that reference can be faster than comparing every supported keyboard model, but it still does not replace checking voltage, current, connector size, and polarity.
Several products in this guide list multiple original adapter families, while others focus only on keyboard models. A direct cross-reference is useful when the old adapter remains available for inspection.
Select The Appropriate Cable Length
Cable length affects placement more than electrical compatibility. The roundup includes six-foot, 6.5-foot, 8.4-foot, 9.84-foot, and ten-foot options. Longer leads are useful for distant outlets, rehearsal rooms, and stages, but they can also create more cable to route and store.
Choose enough length to reach a safe outlet without stretching or creating a trip hazard. Avoid placing a power adapter underneath heavy furniture, and do not use excessive slack to compensate for uncertainty about the correct specification.
Review Protection And Certification
Useful safety features include over-voltage, over-current, overload, short-circuit, and over-temperature protection. The UL Listed FouceClaus option and the certified 16V adapter offer explicit certification references, while other products provide different combinations of claimed protections.
Certification alone does not establish keyboard compatibility. Use it to assess the electrical accessory, then separately verify that its output and connector match the instrument.
Account For Intended Use
A home player, teacher, touring musician, and studio owner may prioritize different details. At home, compactness and quiet operation may matter; in a classroom, durability and easy inventory management may be more useful; on stage, a long lead and clear status indicator can help with setup.
None of these use cases changes the fundamental compatibility rules. Build a shortlist using voltage, current, connector, and model first, then use cable length, protection, certification, and warranty to choose among the matches.
How to Use and Care for Your Replacement Power Supply for Yamaha Keyboard
Before connecting anything, remove the old adapter and inspect the keyboard’s power inlet for damage, dirt, bent pins, or a loose fit. Locate the keyboard’s voltage and current requirements, then verify them against the replacement label. If either value is uncertain, stop and check the instrument manual or Yamaha’s official support information.
Connect the adapter to the keyboard while the wall power is off or unplugged, then place the power brick where it will not be pinched, stepped on, or exposed to moisture. Connect the wall plug only after the keyboard-side connection is secure, and never force a connector that does not fit naturally.
Unplug the wall supply before removing it from the keyboard, and inspect the cable occasionally for cracking, discoloration, exposed conductors, or damage near either connector. Keep the adapter dry, ventilate the housing, and avoid covering it with fabric. Replace the unit if it becomes unusually hot, smells burnt, behaves inconsistently, or has a damaged cable.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use a 16V Yamaha keyboard power supply on a 12V keyboard?
No. A 16V DC supply should not be connected to an instrument that requires 12V DC because the higher voltage could damage the internal power circuit. Although some electronic devices have wide input ranges, keyboard specifications should be treated as strict requirements unless the manual explicitly states otherwise.
Is a higher-current replacement safe for the same Yamaha keyboard?
A higher current rating can be acceptable when voltage, polarity, and connector type match, because the keyboard draws only the current it requires. The supply may supply up to its maximum without forcing that amount into the device. Nevertheless, model compatibility and the original voltage remain the essential checks.
How do I identify the correct replacement adapter?
Start with the output label on the original Yamaha power brick and record the voltage, current, DC or AC format, connector size, and polarity. Then compare those values with the replacement and search the exact keyboard model in the compatibility list. If the original brick is missing, use the keyboard manual or official model documentation.
What is the difference between a 5.5 x 2.1mm and 5.5 x 2.5mm connector?
Both describe barrel-plug dimensions, and their outer diameters can appear identical during casual comparison. The inner diameter is the critical difference. Several products list 5.5 x 2.5mm plugs as compatible with 5.5 x 2.1mm sockets, but a buyer should still compare the actual keyboard jack and avoid forcing the plug.
Does center-positive polarity mean the adapter is interchangeable?
No. Center-positive describes how the adapter routes positive and negative power, not whether every center-positive device is compatible. Voltage, current, connector size, and keyboard-specific requirements must also match. Using a reversed-polarity adapter can damage a keyboard.
Can these power supplies charge a keyboard’s internal battery?
Most products described here are replacement power supplies rather than battery chargers. The 12V 2A option with explicit connector details specifically states that it cannot charge rechargeable devices. Confirm charging requirements separately and use the charging system specified for your keyboard.
Which option suits a Yamaha PSR-S or professional arranger workstation?
Many models in the PSR-S and related professional families require a 16V supply, making the dedicated 16V adapter the relevant option in this roundup. Compatibility still depends on the exact model, and the 16V adapter should never be used merely because a keyboard shares the same Yamaha branding.
How long should a replacement power cord last?
Lifespan depends on cable quality, connector strain, storage habits, moisture exposure, and frequency of use. Inspect the cord regularly, avoid sharp bends near the plug, and replace it if insulation cracks or the connector becomes loose or discolored. A healthy replacement should feel secure without requiring force.
Final Thoughts on Choosing the Best Replacement Power Supply for Yamaha Keyboard
The Universal 9.84 Ft Adapter is a practical budget-oriented choice for a supported 12V instrument that benefits from a long cord. The 12V 2A AC Power Supply Adapter is the editor’s choice because of its strong rating, useful output capacity, broad coverage, and unusually explicit exclusion list. The 16V adapter is the premium pick for compatible professional and higher-voltage instruments.
Begin with exact compatibility rather than appearance or series branding. Confirm output voltage, current, connector dimensions, polarity, and the complete model number, paying close attention to the distinction between 12V and 16V systems. After that, cable length, status indicators, certification, protection, and warranty can help distinguish otherwise suitable products.
Current prices and availability can change, so review the latest listing before ordering and verify that the package includes the adapter rather than only a cable. A successful replacement should match the keyboard’s requirements exactly and connect without force, providing dependable power without introducing avoidable compatibility risk.